{"id":68952,"date":"2018-11-11T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-07T04:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.05921.net\/index.php\/2018\/12\/07\/326e9c194c\/"},"modified":"2018-12-07T12:29:33","modified_gmt":"2018-12-07T04:29:33","slug":"326e9c194c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.05921.net\/index.php\/68952\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"       style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.05921.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/6-1544156973.jpeg\" alt=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\" title=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;\">\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5b59\u946b\uff0c\u674e\u5e7c\u5e73\uff0cGordon H. Guyatt<\/span><img     class=\"\" style=\"font-family: \u4eff\u5b8b;font-size: 19px;text-indent: 37px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;width: 640px !important;visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.05921.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/8-1544156973.jpeg\" alt=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\" title=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63a8\u8fdb\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\u58ee\u5fd7\u3002\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u672c\u571f\u9002\u7528\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u53ca\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u6267\u4e1a\u8005\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u751f\u4ea7\u6709\u5173\u533b\u7597\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u3001\u9884\u540e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e34\u5e8a\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<\/span><sup><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">1<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u8bc1\u636e\u5728\u652f\u6301\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u6f5c\u529b\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u836f\u54c1\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e8e2015\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u836f\u7269\u8b66\u6212\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CHPS\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u90e8\u5206\u533b\u9662\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u75c5\u5386\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u836f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u533b\u4fdd\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\uff08NICER Group\uff09\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u533b\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u7f55\u89c1\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u75c5\u7387<\/span><sup><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">2<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u56e2\u961f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u80bf\u7624\u3001\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u3001\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u767b\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u75be\u75c5\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><sup><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">3-5<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u636e\u2014\u2014\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">6-7<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5faa\u8bc1\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u8bc1\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u867d\u7136\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u56de\u987e\u6027\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u5065\u5eb7\u6863\u6848\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u5206\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u5931\u8bbf\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">1<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4ecd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u5982\u56de\u987e\u6027\u961f\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u75c5\u4f8b\u5bf9\u7167\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u6b63\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6df7\u6742\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">6-7<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u968f\u673a\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u673a<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">1,8<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c2017\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5faa\u8bc1\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8054\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u673a\u6784\u3001\u8d44\u6df1\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u8054\u76df\uff08ChinaREAL\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8be5\u8054\u76df\u65e8\u5728\u6539\u5584\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u672c\u571f\u8bc1\u636e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u9996\u8981\u548c\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u5230\u6e05\u7406\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6838\u67e5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u75c5\u5386\u6216\u533b\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u63d0\u9ad8\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e94\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5173\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u540c\u5e38\u89c4\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u636e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u8bc1\u636e\u201d\u5728\u8bc4\u4ef7\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u7ea7\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u6548\u6027\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff08pRCT\uff09\u4ecd\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6548\u679c\u6216\u6bd4\u8f83\u7597\u6548\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u8bc1\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u9884\u540e\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u7ed3\u5c40\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4e3a\u9884\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f73\u8bc1\u636e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9884\u540e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u672c\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u878d\u5408\u968f\u673a\u5316\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff08\u5982pRCT\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u5b9e\u8df5\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5229\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\uff08\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u6280\u672f\u7b49\uff09<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">9<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u5982\u60a3\u8005\u767b\u8bb0\u6216\u7535\u5b50\u5065\u5eb7\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u60a3\u8005\u5165\u7ec4\u63d0\u4f9b\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5c40\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c55\u5b9e\u6548\u6027\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5e26\u6765\u91cd\u5927\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u767b\u8bb0\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u8bc1\u636e\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u8fd1<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">10<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;text-align: justify;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u7814\u754c\u7684\u540c\u4ec1\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u80fd\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u63a8\u8fdb\u843d\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 28px;line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"line-height:150%;font-family:\u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1,sans-serif;\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section  label=\"Powered by 135editor.com\" style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1;\">\n<section class=\"_135editor\"   style=\"border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-color: #777a7a;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px 15px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"text-align: right;margin: -25px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-ms-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(16px, 0px, 0px);\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: #ffffff;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;\">\n<section style=\"width:10px;height:10px;background:black;\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75em;color:#3f3f3f;letter-spacing: 1.5px;\" class=\"135brush\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.05921.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/3-1544156973.jpg\" alt=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\" title=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;\">1 \u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u534e\u897f\u533b\u9662\u4e2d\u56fd\u5faa\u8bc1\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\uff0c610041 <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-family: \u5fae\u8f6f\u96c5\u9ed1, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;\">2 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;margin: 20px 0% -25px;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-ms-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-16px, 0px, 0px);\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: #ffffff;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;\" >\n<section style=\"text-align: right;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<section style=\"width:10px;height:10px;background:black;\"><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section  class=\"_135editor\" style=\"border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;box-sizing: border-box;\">\n<p>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5929\u4e4b\u529b\u533b\u836f<br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><img class=\"\"      style=\"margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;widows: 1;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 332.391px !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.05921.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/9-1544156973.png\" alt=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\" title=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\"  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin-top: -15px;padding: 1em;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: 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alt=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\" title=\"\u3010\u771f\u7814\u3011\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bc1\u636e\"  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);list-style-type: none;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzA3NjU4NjE2NA==&amp;mid=2652232739&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ec2eb7f1ce271dae74529e0661c9e0f0&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(87, 107, 149);-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;text-decoration: underline;color: rgb(120, 172, 254);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u628a\u63e1\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u9886\u5148\u4e00\u6b65-\u4e0e\u836f\u5927\u793e\u79d1\u90e8\u8054\u529e\u836f\u7269\u8b66\u6212\u590f\u4ee4\u8425\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);list-style-type: none;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;text-decoration: underline;color: rgb(120, 172, 254);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7\u76843\u5bb6\u4e0e3\u5e74<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);list-style-type: none;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzA3NjU4NjE2NA==&amp;mid=2652230701&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ea702ea398a915207c0901323d96697a&amp;chksm=84be79f6b3c9f0e08013a45f74ccb18f77b2470d83a0b6a500591ffc2970fa796b24166bd325&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(120, 172, 254);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u7275\u7ebf\u642d\u6865 &nbsp;\u6821\u4f01\u643a\u624b\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u517b\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e00\u9996\u5c4aCRA\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\u7eaa\u5b9e<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 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!important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(120, 172, 254);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;list-style-type: none;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(120, 172, 254);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u672c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e4b\u6587\u7ae0\u6240\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u6216\u8005\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u793a\u6216\u6697\u793a\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u89c2\u70b9\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(120, 172, 254);text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5b59\u946b\uff0c\u674e\u5e7c\u5e73\uff0cGordon H. 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