
近日,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所作物有害生物功能基因组研究创新团队在国际知名期刊Trends in Plant Science (IF=”12.149)上在线发表了题为“Geminivirus-associated betasatellites: exploiting chinks in the antiviral arsenal of plants”的综述文章,概述了双生病毒卫星DNA如何破坏植物的抗病毒兵工厂从而实现病毒有效侵染和传播的研究进展。

双生病毒是一类世界范围内广泛发生的单链环状DNA病毒,在全球小麦、玉米、木薯、番茄和棉花和木薯等重要的粮食和经济作物上造成毁灭性危害,已成为世界上记录最早、种类最多的植物病毒。我国流行暴发的双生病毒中约40%的病毒伴随有卫星DNA,卫星DNA与双生病毒组成的病害复合体由烟粉虱传播,分布于全球。
作为一类专性寄生物,双生病毒-卫星病害复合体仅编码7个蛋白,需要依赖与寄主植物复杂的相互作用才能完成复制、转录和系统移动等生活史。双生病毒侵染植物后,调控了寄主的细胞周期、磷酸化介导的信号转导等多个生物学过程。植物作为固着生物在整个生命过程中面对不良环境的危害时无法像动物一样自由地移动。因此,植物在感知双生病毒-卫星病害复合体侵染时,进化出了多层次的防御系统来抵抗病毒的侵染,包括DNA水平的DNA甲基化、RNA水平的转录后基因沉默以及蛋白质水平的翻译后修饰以及细胞自噬介导的蛋白降解等。然而,为了成功侵染植物,双生病毒卫星DNA编码的βC1蛋白作为破坏植物抗病毒兵工厂的主谋,也相应地进化出了多种不同的策略来攻击植物的抗病毒装备,逃脱植物的防御反应,实现病毒的有效侵染以及与传毒介体烟粉虱的互惠共生。作物有害生物功能基因组创新团队及国内外相关研究团队多年的研究结果表明,双生病毒-卫星病害复合体与寄主植物之间的相互作用就像是一场永无止境的分子间军备竞赛。
该论文系统介绍了植物以及烟粉虱如何通过不同层次的抗病毒免疫反应来抵御双生病毒-卫星DNA病害复合体的侵染,阐述了双生病毒卫星DNA如何突破植物的抗病毒防御阵地,实现病毒的有效侵染以及与烟粉虱的互惠共生,总结了参与双生病毒-卫星复合体与植物分子军备竞赛的多个寄主因子在植物与其它病毒互作中的作用,并对该领域今后的研究方向提出了展望。

该论文以中国农业科学院植物保护研究所为第一完成单位,杨秀玲副研究员为论文第一作者,周雪平教授为论文通讯作者。该研究得到国家自然科学基金重点国际(地区)合作研究项目(31720103914)和面上项目(31672004)的资助。
Highlights
RNA silencing is the primary immune response against geminivirus infection.
Betasatellites associated with the geminivirus–betasatellite disease complex encode a suppressor to antagonize both the transcriptional gene silencing and post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways.
Protein post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, may contribute to anti-geminiviral immunity, which is sometimes hijacked by the betasatellite to facilitate infection.
Autophagy has been found to be an effective anti-geminiviral immune response both in plants and in the transmission vector whitefly.
The betasatellite induces the autophagy pathway to downregulate key components of the plant RNA silencing pathway to promote geminivirus infection.
Betasatellites are a diverse group of circular single-stranded DNA satellites frequently associated with begomoviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae. Challenged with a geminivirus–betasatellite infection, plants have employed sophisticated defense mechanisms to protect themselves. Betasatellites, in turn, employ mechanisms to antagonize these plant antiviral pathways. In this review, we focus on the anti-geminiviral immune pathways present both in plants and whiteflies. We also outline the counter-defensive strategies deployed by betasatellites to overcome the host defenses and initiate a successful infection. Finally, we discuss the outcomes of the opposing forces of plant immunity and betasatellite-mediated antagonism in the context of an evolutionary arms race. Understanding of the molecular dialog between plants and betasatellites will likely allow for the development of novel antiviral strategies
本期编辑:Tony

